Growth, Yield, and Grain Quality of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Grown across South Korean Farmlands with Different Temperature Distributions

Climate change has disrupted several aspects of food systems, but perhaps one the most alarming effects on global nutrition is decrease in grain production as well reduction protein content and quality grain. Over last decades, due to climate change, suitable areas Korea for barley cultivation have been moving northward compared past. Thus, objective this study was determine how different climatic factors such temperature impact growth at stages (December, February, April) yield harvest four group (G1, G2, G3, G4) with climates. Differences temperatures between during growing season variability yields were noted. Additionally, chemical composition soils mineral leaves heading stage main constituents amino acid seeds grown considered. On average, tiller number/m2, plant height, dry aboveground parts/m2 G1 lower than other when measured before overwintering (December), after (February), (April). However, there no difference these parameters G2 G3 areas. In 2020, order levels G4 > = G1. The 37% less 2021, similar being G2. Also prior year, 39% minimum daily average (October June) Growth colder areas, which suggests that December, April may be responsible crop yield. Crude protein, lipid, ash contents higher There variation kinds acids Organic matter, available phosphoric acid, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn) soil elsewhere. addition, consistency among plants Overall, it concluded still not regardless change.